{"id":16823,"date":"2021-11-24T14:35:49","date_gmt":"2021-11-24T13:35:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.coffeedesk.pl\/blog\/?p=16823"},"modified":"2023-02-17T11:03:30","modified_gmt":"2023-02-17T10:03:30","slug":"hybrydy-kawy-przyszlosci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.coffeedesk.pl\/blog\/hybrydy-kawy-przyszlosci\/","title":{"rendered":"Hybrydy \u2013 kawy przysz\u0142o\u015bci?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Chyba ka\u017cdy, kto cho\u0107 troch\u0119 \u015bledzi (a w\u0142a\u015bciwie pije) kawy i zamawia je na Coffeedesk, zauwa\u017cy\u0142, \u017ce w ostatnich latach bran\u017ca kawowa rozwija si\u0119 w spos\u00f3b dynamiczny. I to pod ka\u017cdym wzgl\u0119dem: od kultury i spo\u0142eczno\u015bci, wszelakiego rodzaju sprz\u0119tu dla geek\u00f3w, kt\u00f3ry u\u0142atwia i rozwija parzenie kawy, a\u017c po samo ziarno. Rozwija si\u0119 te\u017c sama obr\u00f3bka, kt\u00f3ra mo\u017ce by\u0107 dosy\u0107 grz\u0105skim tematem (Diego Bermudez lubi to), a tak\u017ce odmiany, kt\u00f3rych mamy coraz wi\u0119cej. Dzi\u0119ki temu lista kraj\u00f3w, z kt\u00f3rych mo\u017cemy napi\u0107 si\u0119 kawy, r\u00f3wnie\u017c si\u0119 wyd\u0142u\u017ca.<\/big><\/strong><\/p>\n

Geekowa wiedza. Statystyki<\/h2>\n

Na \u015bwiecie ro\u015bnie oko\u0142o 125 podstawowych gatunk\u00f3w arabik<\/strong><\/a>, nie licz\u0105c tytu\u0142owych hybryd.
\nR\u00f3\u017cne odmiany<\/strong><\/a> powinny wnosi\u0107 zmian\u0119 genetyczn\u0105, wynikaj\u0105c\u0105 chocia\u017cby z innej szeroko\u015bci geograficznej. Jednak w arabice podobie\u0144stwo genetyczne odmian wynosi wysokie i niepokoj\u0105ce 98%<\/strong>. Dla por\u00f3wnania odmiany zb\u00f3\u017c, ry\u017cu czy soi maj\u0105 genetyczne podobie\u0144stwo na poziomie 60-75%. Tu pojawia si\u0119 problem, a mianowicie \u2013 wra\u017cliwo\u015bci arabiki. Choroby typu rdzawienie li\u015bci wp\u0142ywaj\u0105 tak samo na ka\u017cd\u0105 jej odmian\u0119.<\/strong> Na Ziemi wzrasta temperatura i nied\u0142ugo mo\u017cemy by\u0107 \u015bwiadkami powolnego wymierania arabiki na globaln\u0105 skal\u0119. Na szcz\u0119\u015bcie z odsiecz\u0105 przychodz\u0105 bohaterowie bez peleryny \u2013 rodzina hybryd F1<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\"zrywane<\/p>\n

F1 nie tylko na wy\u015bcigach<\/h2>\n

F1 to ro\u015bliny masowo rozmna\u017cane w laboratoriach. Naukowcy, przez dost\u0119p do r\u00f3\u017cnych odmian, mog\u0105 krzy\u017cowa\u0107 rozmaite geny na niesko\u0144czenie wiele mo\u017cliwo\u015bci<\/strong>. W efekcie mo\u017cna uzyska\u0107 ro\u015blinn\u0105 krzy\u017c\u00f3wk\u0119 w \u201ekilka minut\u201d, podczas gdy w naturalnym \u015brodowisku zaj\u0119\u0142oby to ca\u0142e wieki. Celem F1 jest stworzenie hybryd, kt\u00f3re b\u0119d\u0105 nie tylko dobrze smakowa\u0107, lecz tak\u017ce stan\u0105 si\u0119 odporne na wysokie temperatury, rdz\u0119 powodowan\u0105 przez grzyby Hemileia vastatrix oraz b\u0119d\u0105 mog\u0142y rosn\u0105\u0107 w nowych (jak dla kawy) warunkach atmosferycznych<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Kawowe Simsy<\/h2>\n

Czy da si\u0119 zatem projektowa\u0107 kawowe championy?<\/strong> Nie do ko\u0144ca. Pami\u0119tacie, co pisa\u0142em o 98% podobnych gen\u00f3w? Wiele gen\u00f3w jest pokrewnych, mo\u017cna jednak skrzy\u017cowa\u0107 ro\u015bliny z charakterystycznymi cechami dla danej odmiany, by w efekcie powsta\u0142a nowa ro\u015blina. Dobrym przyk\u0142adem jest Mandela<\/strong><\/a>, kt\u00f3r\u0105 wybra\u0142em na eliminacje Mistrzostw Polski Barista.
\nKawa ta, punktowana na poziomie 87 pkt, to samopylna krzy\u017c\u00f3wka Caturra<\/a> x Caturra<\/strong>, kt\u00f3r\u0105 nast\u0119pnie skrzy\u017cowano z Catimorem<\/strong>, dzi\u0119ki czemu uzyska\u0142a tarcz\u0119 ochronn\u0105 na rdz\u0119. Nast\u0119pnie skrzy\u017cowano j\u0105 ponownie, tym razem z Villa Sarchi, Sudan Rume i Daleco<\/strong>. Chocia\u017c nie uda\u0142o mi si\u0119 wej\u015b\u0107 do fina\u0142u Mistrzostw, to i tak kawa smakowa\u0142a ob\u0142\u0119dnie.<\/p>\n

Inny przyk\u0142ad to odmiana Centroamericano<\/strong>, czyli krzy\u017c\u00f3wka Sudan Rume<\/strong> i odpornej na rdz\u0119 hybrydy T5296<\/strong>. W 2017 roku zdoby\u0142a na Cup of Excellence Nicaragua bardzo wysoki wynik: 90,5 pkt<\/strong>. F1 opr\u00f3cz wysokiej jako\u015bci kawy w fili\u017cance, odporno\u015bci na choroby i niekorzystne warunki atmosferyczne, jest bardziej wydajne. Mniejsze drzewka, kt\u00f3re zajmuj\u0105 mniej miejsca na plantacji, wydaj\u0105 wi\u0119cej owoc\u00f3w.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"plantacja
Kawowa farma<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Catimor rozsiany po \u015bwiecie<\/h2>\n

Najbardziej rozpowszechnion\u0105 odmian\u0105 z rodzinny F1 jest \u2013 wcze\u015bniej ju\u017c wspomniany \u2013 Catimor<\/strong>. Mieszanka Cattury<\/strong> i Timora<\/strong><\/a> dodaje ro\u015blinie odporno\u015bci na r\u00f3\u017cne warunki klimatyczne. Posiada te\u017c chromosom robusty, dzi\u0119ki czemu wzmacnia ro\u015blin\u0119 chocia\u017cby przed szkodnikami. Odmiana Catimor otworzy\u0142a kawow\u0105 bram\u0119 dla nowych plantator\u00f3w arabik m.in. w Chinach, Malezji, Birmie (Mjanmie) czy na Filipinach.<\/strong> Podj\u0119to te\u017c ju\u017c pr\u00f3by sadzenia jej we Francji i Islandii, gdzie skutecznie uprawia si\u0119 awokado i banany.<\/p>\n

Czy hybrydy zast\u0105pi\u0105 arabik\u0119?<\/h2>\n

Mimo zmieniaj\u0105cego si\u0119 \u015bwiata, nie b\u0119dzie \u0142atwo zast\u0105pi\u0107 arabiki. Powstaj\u0105, co prawda, alternatywy dla hodowc\u00f3w (kt\u00f3re \u2013 jak wspomnia\u0142em \u2013 otwieraj\u0105 kawowy rynek dla nowych pa\u0144stw), jednak zainteresowanie konsumenta dobr\u0105 Geish\u0105<\/strong>, Wush Wushem<\/strong> czy Bourbonem<\/strong> nie zniknie tak szybko.<\/p>\n

Przez niesko\u0144czenie wiele krzy\u017c\u00f3wkowych mo\u017cliwo\u015bci, hybrydy mog\u0105 sporo namiesza\u0107 na scenie kawowej w najbli\u017cszych latach. Warto wi\u0119c si\u0119 temu przygl\u0105da\u0107.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Chyba ka\u017cdy, kto cho\u0107 troch\u0119 \u015bledzi (a w\u0142a\u015bciwie pije) kawy i zamawia je na Coffeedesk, zauwa\u017cy\u0142, \u017ce w ostatnich latach bran\u017ca kawowa rozwija si\u0119 w spos\u00f3b dynamiczny. I to pod…<\/div>\n
Czytaj wpis<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":65,"featured_media":16828,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[34,40,41],"tags":[143,2492,2475],"powerkit_post_featured":[],"class_list":["post-16823","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-kawa","category-mity","category-speciality","tag-arabika","tag-catimor","tag-odmiany-kawy"],"acf":[],"author_display_name":"Kuba Kalusi\u0144ski","author_url":"https:\/\/www.coffeedesk.pl\/blog\/author\/kuba-kalusinski\/","featured_image":"https:\/\/www.coffeedesk.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/49556779096_953149e897_k-800x533.jpg","post_tags":["arabika","Catimor","odmiany kawy"],"post_categories":["Kawa","Mity","Speciality"],"yoast_head":"\nHybrydy \u2013 kawy przysz\u0142o\u015bci? - Blog Coffeedesk.pl<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Czym s\u0105 kawowe hybrydy? 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