{"id":27180,"date":"2025-03-24T07:15:56","date_gmt":"2025-03-24T06:15:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.coffeedesk.pl\/blog\/?p=27180"},"modified":"2025-03-24T07:15:56","modified_gmt":"2025-03-24T06:15:56","slug":"czy-excelsa-to-przyszlosc-kawy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.coffeedesk.pl\/blog\/czy-excelsa-to-przyszlosc-kawy\/","title":{"rendered":"Czy excelsa to przysz\u0142o\u015b\u0107 kawy?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kryzys na rynku kawy nie mija, a ceny arabiki i robusty nadal rosn\u0105<\/a>, a rynek poszukuje alternatyw. Coraz wi\u0119cej m\u00f3wi si\u0119 o odmianie excelsa, odpornej na choroby i trudne warunki atmosferyczne. Ale czy to ziarno, kt\u00f3re mo\u017ce rozwi\u0105za\u0107 problemy, przed kt\u00f3rymi stoi bran\u017ca kawowa?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Pochodzenie i klasyfikacja<\/b><\/p>\n

Wbrew powszechnemu mniemaniu, excelsa nie jest nowym gatunkiem, ale dopiero stosunkowo niedawno uznano j\u0105 za odr\u0119bn\u0105 odmian\u0119. Chocia\u017c obecnie excelsa jest uprawiana g\u0142\u00f3wnie w Azji – przede wszystkim w Wietnamie, na Filipinach oraz w Indiach, odkryta zosta\u0142a w Afryce \u015arodkowej u progu XX wieku. W 1903 roku zosta\u0142a opisana jako Coffea dewevrei lub dewevrei\u00e9. Przez ponad 100 lat uwa\u017cano, \u017ce excelsa jest podgatunkiem rodzaju Coffea. Dopiero w 2006 roku zosta\u0142a oficjalnie przeklasyfikowana jako odmiana dewevrei gatunku liberica. Istniej\u0105 jednak pewne r\u00f3\u017cnice mi\u0119dzy klasyczn\u0105 liberic\u0105 i excels\u0105, nawet w kszta\u0142cie ziaren mi\u0119dzy. Iberica ma kszta\u0142t podobny do migda\u0142a, excelsa jest mniejsza i bardziej okr\u0105g\u0142a. Niekt\u00f3rzy specjali\u015bci nadal uwa\u017caj\u0105, \u017ce powinny zosta\u0107 sklasyfikowane jako odr\u0119bne gatunki.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Sk\u0105d nag\u0142e zainteresowanie?<\/b><\/p>\n

Susze i szkodniki dziesi\u0105tkuj\u0105 plony nie tylko w Brazylii, a excelsa kusi odporno\u015bci\u0105 na szkodniki i zmiany klimatu. Drzewa, bo w przypadku tych osi\u0105gaj\u0105cych nawet 15-20 m wysoko\u015bci ro\u015blin raczej nie mo\u017cna m\u00f3wi\u0107 o krzewach, maj\u0105 grube pnie i zapuszczaj\u0105 korzenie g\u0142\u0119boko, przez co dobrze znosz\u0105 wysokie temperatury i niedobory wody.<\/span><\/p>\n

Smak<\/b><\/p>\n

Zamieszanie zwi\u0105zane z klasyfikacj\u0105 excelsy spowodowa\u0142o, \u017ce przez d\u0142ugi czas jej ziarna nie by\u0142y uprawiane, obrabiane i wypalane w najbardziej odpowiedni dla tego typu kawy spos\u00f3b. Jej smak ma przez to do\u015b\u0107 s\u0142aby PR, ale plantatorzy pracuj\u0105 nad zmian\u0105 tego stanu rzeczy. Podobnie jak robusta, excelsa uprawiana i poddawana obr\u00f3bce z dba\u0142o\u015bci\u0105 i precyzj\u0105, odwdzi\u0119cza si\u0119 przyjemnymi i wartymi uwagi smakami. <\/span>Owoce excelsy maj\u0105 g\u0119stszy mi\u0105\u017csz ni\u017c arabica i zawieraj\u0105 znacznie mniej rozpuszczalnych substancji sta\u0142ych. Profile palenia excelsy nie powinny by\u0107 powielane na podstawie danych dotycz\u0105cych innych ziaren, trzeba dla niej stworzy\u0107 nowe krzywe palenia i odr\u0119bne praktyki. Ni\u017csza rozpuszczalno\u015b\u0107 oznacza, \u017ce excelsa mo\u017ce wymaga\u0107 palenia w wy\u017cszych temperaturach lub przez d\u0142u\u017cszy czas, aby uzyska\u0107 optymalne profile smakowe<\/span><\/i> – m\u00f3wi Komal Sable, producent pi\u0105tego pokolenia z Indii uprawiaj\u0105cy arabic\u0119, robust\u0119 i excels\u0119 w <\/span>wywiadzie dla Perfect Daily Grind<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Czy excelsa to przysz\u0142o\u015b\u0107 kawy?<\/b><\/p>\n

International Coffee Association nie uwzgl\u0119dnia excelsy w swoich raportach <\/span>okre\u015blaj\u0105c popyt na ni\u0105 jako \u201czbyt ma\u0142o znacz\u0105cy<\/span><\/a>\u201d. <\/span>Szacuje si\u0119, \u017ce stanowi oko\u0142o 1-1,5% \u015bwiatowej produkcji <\/span><\/i>– m\u00f3wi Krzysiek Barabosz – <\/span>jest uprawiana przede wszystkim w Afryce Centralnej i Azji. Faktycznie jest to gatunek bardziej odporny na choroby i coraz wi\u0119cej producent\u00f3w w takich krajach jak Uganda czy Wietnam decyduje si\u0119 na jej upraw\u0119, ale nadal excelsa jako\u015bci\u0105 nie dor\u00f3wnuje Arabice, cz\u0119\u015bciej okre\u015blana jest jako substytut robusty. Mimo zachwalanej odporno\u015bci excelsy na warunki atmosferyczne czy szkodniki, jej uprawa jest bardzo trudna przez fakt, \u017ce to drzewa, a nie krzewy i osi\u0105ga wysoko\u015b\u0107 20 metr\u00f3w. Oczywi\u015bcie jest przycinana, ale zbiory nie s\u0105 \u0142atwe, du\u017co wi\u0119cej czasu zajmuje te\u017c excelsie osi\u0105gni\u0119cie pe\u0142nej wydajno\u015bci. Patrz\u0105c na horyzont czasowy, dzi\u015b posadzone ro\u015bliny zaczn\u0105 efektywnie owocowa\u0107 za 5-10 lat, a rozwini\u0119cie gatunku na du\u017c\u0105 skal\u0119 zajmie jeszcze dekady<\/span><\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kryzys na rynku kawy nie mija, a ceny arabiki i robusty nadal rosn\u0105, a rynek poszukuje alternatyw. Coraz wi\u0119cej m\u00f3wi si\u0119 o odmianie excelsa, odpornej na choroby i trudne warunki…<\/div>\n
Czytaj wpis<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":33,"featured_media":26643,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[34,40,37],"tags":[],"powerkit_post_featured":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-27180","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-kawa","8":"category-mity","9":"category-ziarna"},"acf":[],"author_display_name":"Aga Bukowska","author_url":"https:\/\/www.coffeedesk.pl\/blog\/author\/agabukowska\/","featured_image":"https:\/\/www.coffeedesk.pl\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/53817877720_fc024b856a_c.jpg","post_tags":[],"post_categories":["Kawa","Mity","Ziarna"],"yoast_head":"\nCzy excelsa to przysz\u0142o\u015b\u0107 kawy? - Blog Coffeedesk.pl<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Coraz wi\u0119cej m\u00f3wi si\u0119 o odmianie excelsa, bardziej odpornej od arabiki. 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